4.0 Networking protocols
4.1 TCP/IP Suite
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol, the most
common transport layer protocol used onEthernet
and the Internet. It was developed by DARPA.
TCP is built on top of the Internet Protocol (IP)
and is nearly always seen in the combination
TCP/IP (TCP over IP).It adds reliable
communication, flow-control, multiplexing
and connection-oriented communication.
It provides full-duplex, process-to-process connections.
UDP - User Datagram Protocol. Internet standard
network layer, transport layer and session layer
protocols which provide simple but unreliable
datagram services. It adds a checksum
and additional process-to-process addressing
information. UDP is a connectionless protocol,
which, like TCP, is layered on top of IP. UDP neither
guarantees delivery nor does it require a connection.
As a result it is lightweight and efficient, but all
error processing and retransmission must be taken
care of by the application program.
POP3 - Post Office Protocol version 3. POP3
allows a client computer to retrieve electronic
mail from a POP3 server via a TCP/IP or other
connection. It does not provide for sending mail,
which is assumed to be performed via SMTP
or some other method. POP is useful for
computers without a permanent network
connection and which require a "post office"
(the POP server) to hold their mail until they can
retrieve it.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol
used to transfer electronic mail between computers,
usually over Ethernet. It is a server-to-server protocol,
so other protocols are used to access the messages.
The SMTP dialog usually happens in the background
under the control of the message transport system,
but it is possible to interact with an SMTP server
using telnet to connect to the normal SMTP port, 25.
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol,
the Internet standard protocol developed to manage
nodes on an IP network. SNMP is not limited to TCP/IP
and can be used to manage and monitor all sorts
of equipment including computers, routers, wiring hubs, etc.
FTP - File Transfer Protocol, a client-server protocol
that allows a user on one computer to transfer files
to and from another computer over a TCP/IP network.
Also the client program the user executes to transfer files.
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol, the client-server
TCP/IP protocol used on the World-Wide Web for
the exchange of HTML documents. It conventionally uses port 80.
IP - Internet Protocol, the network layer for the TCP/IP
protocol suite widely used on Ethernet networks.
IP is a connectionless, best-effort packet switching protocol. It
provides packet routing, fragmentation and re-assembly
through the data link layer.
PPP - Point-to Point Protocol, the Internet standard
for transmitting network layer datagrams
(e.g. IP packets)over serial point-to-point links.
PPP has a number of advantages over SLIP;
it is designed to operate both over asynchronous
connections and bit-oriented synchronous systems
and it can configure connections to a remote network
dynamically, and test that the link is usable. PPP can
be configured to encapsulate different network layer
protocols (such as IP, IPX, or AppleTalk) by using
the appropriate Network Control Protocol (NCP).
4.1 TCP/IP Suite
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol, the most
common transport layer protocol used onEthernet
and the Internet. It was developed by DARPA.
TCP is built on top of the Internet Protocol (IP)
and is nearly always seen in the combination
TCP/IP (TCP over IP).It adds reliable
communication, flow-control, multiplexing
and connection-oriented communication.
It provides full-duplex, process-to-process connections.
UDP - User Datagram Protocol. Internet standard
network layer, transport layer and session layer
protocols which provide simple but unreliable
datagram services. It adds a checksum
and additional process-to-process addressing
information. UDP is a connectionless protocol,
which, like TCP, is layered on top of IP. UDP neither
guarantees delivery nor does it require a connection.
As a result it is lightweight and efficient, but all
error processing and retransmission must be taken
care of by the application program.
POP3 - Post Office Protocol version 3. POP3
allows a client computer to retrieve electronic
mail from a POP3 server via a TCP/IP or other
connection. It does not provide for sending mail,
which is assumed to be performed via SMTP
or some other method. POP is useful for
computers without a permanent network
connection and which require a "post office"
(the POP server) to hold their mail until they can
retrieve it.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol
used to transfer electronic mail between computers,
usually over Ethernet. It is a server-to-server protocol,
so other protocols are used to access the messages.
The SMTP dialog usually happens in the background
under the control of the message transport system,
but it is possible to interact with an SMTP server
using telnet to connect to the normal SMTP port, 25.
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol,
the Internet standard protocol developed to manage
nodes on an IP network. SNMP is not limited to TCP/IP
and can be used to manage and monitor all sorts
of equipment including computers, routers, wiring hubs, etc.
FTP - File Transfer Protocol, a client-server protocol
that allows a user on one computer to transfer files
to and from another computer over a TCP/IP network.
Also the client program the user executes to transfer files.
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol, the client-server
TCP/IP protocol used on the World-Wide Web for
the exchange of HTML documents. It conventionally uses port 80.
IP - Internet Protocol, the network layer for the TCP/IP
protocol suite widely used on Ethernet networks.
IP is a connectionless, best-effort packet switching protocol. It
provides packet routing, fragmentation and re-assembly
through the data link layer.
PPP - Point-to Point Protocol, the Internet standard
for transmitting network layer datagrams
(e.g. IP packets)over serial point-to-point links.
PPP has a number of advantages over SLIP;
it is designed to operate both over asynchronous
connections and bit-oriented synchronous systems
and it can configure connections to a remote network
dynamically, and test that the link is usable. PPP can
be configured to encapsulate different network layer
protocols (such as IP, IPX, or AppleTalk) by using
the appropriate Network Control Protocol (NCP).
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